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ORGANIZER;CN=ESTAD 2023:mailto:info@metec-estad.com
LOCATION:Room 1
SUMMARY:Decarbonisation scenarios for the european steel industry and their dependance on framework conditions
DESCRIPTION:To achieve the set EU climate strategies & targets the European steel industry is in an extensive transformation process towards climate-neutral steelmaking. Over the last years promising technology pathways were developed and steel producers created specific roadmaps for their implementation. The implementation along these roadmaps lead to decarbonisation scenarios for the European steel industry. This process is highly dependent on relevant external framework conditions.
In the RFCS project “Green Steel for Europe” (grant agreement number 882151) relevant framework conditions were identified and seven decarbonisation scenarios were developed. So called external framework conditions include the availability of green electricity and hydrogen, natural gas, alternative carbon sources, CO2 storage locations, iron ore & pellets, steel scrap and the demand for CCU products. Additionally, framework conditions such as the industrial maturity of technologies, investment cycles, financial and legislative conditions were taken into consideration. Three scenarios for 2030 show how the set climate target can be achieved and what influence a delayed implementation or increased hydrogen availabilities can have. Four scenarios for 2050 display the road towards carbon-neutral steelmaking with or without further breakthrough technologies and dependent on scrap availability. For these scenarios the implementation of four dedicated technology routes for primary steel production was investigated: optimized operation of the conventional route via blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace, direct reduction based on natural gas and/or hydrogen, smelting reduction and iron ore electrolysis. 
The project concluded in 2021, thus before the Russian war on Ukraine and its consequences for European framework conditions. This paper gives an update on the changed framework conditions, revised roadmaps and resulting decarbonisation scenarios. The transformation process of the European steel industry will result in a heterogeneous situation in the next decades with hydrogen-based direct reduction and electrification playing major roles.
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