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VERSION:2.0
METHOD:PUBLISH
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ORGANIZER;CN=ESTAD 2023:mailto:info@metec-estad.com
LOCATION:Room 18b
SUMMARY:Impurities and tramp elements in steel: Thermodynamic aspects and the application to solidification processes
DESCRIPTION:Worldwide steelmaking industry targets a CO2 emission-free production of high-quality steel grades based on hydrogen reduction metallurgy and by using renewable energy sources for melting of recycled scrap in electric arc furnaces (EAF) and electric smelting furnaces (ESF). A serious issue for steelmaking plants in melting scrap materials is the unwanted accumulation of tramp elements in the liquid steel bath, e.g. Cu and Sn. Beside those elements, also other present impurities, e.g. S and P are known to may cause quality problems in continuous casting (CC) process, which is the dominating process to produce flat sheets and long product with an amount of 95 % of the annual steel production. 
The current status of developing a self-consistent thermodynamic database for tramp elements and impurities in steel is presented. The binary and ternary subsystems were modeled according to the CALPHAD-approach, enabling precise calculations of phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of multicomponent steel. The Modified Quasichemical Model (MQM) was used to formulate the Gibbs energy of the liquid phase to consider the strong short-range ordering (SRO) tendency in M-S and M-P (M = Fe, Cu, Sn) melts. Ferrite and austenite solid solutions and intermediate phases were treated by the Compound Energy Formalism (CEF). Numerous stoichiometric compounds, e.g. phosphides and higher-order sulfides, were modeled stoichiometrically. 
In the present study, selected examples are demonstrated, linking the database to an in-house developed heat transfer model for the CC process to predict the solidification progress and possible defect formation, e.g. hot tearing. Furthermore, the database is applied to calculate solid/liquid phase equilibria in the Fe-C-Cu-Sn-S system with respect to liquid metal embrittlement in high-temperature ferrous processing. Finally, future requirements on experimental research and modeling work will be also discussed.

CLASS:PUBLIC
DTSTART:20230615T094000
DTEND:20230615T100000
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