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ORGANIZER;CN=ESTAD 2023:mailto:info@metec-estad.com
LOCATION:Room 1
SUMMARY:Solutions for immediate and transition term decarbonization
DESCRIPTION:Most of the world steel production takes place in countries that have already committed to achieve net-zero carbon emission goals, and many producers have set carbon neutral goals over the 2030-2050 timeframe. Although the pace of reaching green steel production will vary across different regions of the world based on the individual preconditions, similar pathways could be considered, potentially with geographical dislocation of supply chains. Naturally, direct carbon avoidance solutions like increased scrap use and electrification are the first steps to achieve sustainability and decarbonization. Between the years 2000 and 2010, the world steel production grew by more than 700 Mt/a, and this is resulting in a massive increase in availability of scrap for decades to come, especially in China. Electrification, based on clean power supply, is the route to decarbonize many processes, however, many unit processes in steel production are extremely difficult to electrify. These include processes for iron ore reduction as well as heating processes which use large scale high temperature combustion. For such processes, the main options include use of oxyfuel combustion to achieve increased energy efficiency, introduction of low carbon fuels, and carbon capture. Ultimately, the use of clean hydrogen as a reductant as well as a fuel source is the endgame that steelmakers will adopt when a viable supply of hydrogen becomes available. Accordingly, there is here a general pathway to decarbonization:
1.	Oxyfuel combustion for increased energy efficiency
2.	Use of low carbon fuels
3.	Carbon capture for storage or use
4.	Use of clean hydrogen as reductant and fuel

This paper discusses and exemplifies proven solutions and technologies ready for implementation along each pathway, including, for example, full-scale use of hydrogen as fuel in electric arc furnaces and reheating (scheduled for 2023), and DRI production using gasified waste and carbon capture.

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